Health Under Occupation: Gaza, Law, and the Collapse of Global Enforcement
The destruction of Gaza’s healthcare system represents one of the most serious legal and institutional failures in the contemporary international order. Despite binding obligations under the Geneva Conventions, the International Health Regulations (IHR), and international human rights law, attacks on hospitals, medical personnel, and humanitarian agencies have continued without meaningful accountability. The institutions responsible for enforcing these protections, including the United Nations Security Council, the International Criminal Court (ICC), and the World Health Organization (WHO), have proven unable or unwilling to respond. In most instances this inaction has resulted from political obstruction or structural limitations in their mandates. This brief examines the conditions that enabled this failure and outlines legal and institutional reforms to reestablish credibility in the enforcement of humanitarian norms. It focuses on three areas.